(PHP 4 >= 4.0.5, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP
iconv — Преобразует строку из одной кодировки символов в другую
Описание
iconv ( string $from_encoding , string $to_encoding , string $string ): string | false
Список параметров
from_encoding
Текущая кодировка, используемая для интерпретации параметра string .
Требуемая на выходе кодировка.
Если к параметру to_encoding добавлена строка
//TRANSLIT , включается режим транслитерации.
Это значит, что в случае, если символ не может быть представлен в требуемой кодировке,
он может быть заменён одним или несколькими похожими символами.
Если добавлена строка //IGNORE , то символы,
которые не могут быть представлены в требуемой кодировке, будут
удалены.
В случае отсутствия вышеуказанных параметров
будет сгенерирована ошибка уровня E_NOTICE ,
а функция вернёт false .
Предостережение
Как будет работать //TRANSLIT и будет ли вообще, зависит от
системной реализации iconv() ( ICONV_IMPL ).
Известны некоторые реализации, которые просто игнорируют
//TRANSLIT , так что конвертация для символов некорректных
для to_encoding скорее всего закончится ошибкой.
string
Строка ( string ) для преобразования.
Возвращаемые значения
Возвращает преобразованную строку или false в случае возникновения ошибки.
Примеры
Пример #1 Пример использования iconv()
‘Исходная строка : ‘ , $text , PHP_EOL ;
echo ‘С добавлением TRANSLIT : ‘ , iconv ( «UTF-8» , «ISO-8859-1//TRANSLIT» , $text ), PHP_EOL ;
echo ‘С добавлением IGNORE : ‘ , iconv ( «UTF-8» , «ISO-8859-1//IGNORE» , $text ), PHP_EOL ;
echo ‘Обычное преобразование : ‘ , iconv ( «UTF-8» , «ISO-8859-1» , $text ), PHP_EOL ; ?>
Результатом выполнения данного примера
будет что-то подобное:
Исходная строка : Это символ евро - '€'. С добавлением TRANSLIT : Это символ евро - 'EUR'. С добавлением IGNORE :Это символ евро - ''. Обычное преобразование : Notice: iconv(): Detected an illegal character in input string in .iconv-example.php on line 7
Примечания
Замечание:
Доступные кодировки и опции зависят от установленной реализации iconv.
Если параметр from_encoding или from_encoding
не поддерживается в текущей системе, будет возвращено значение false .
Смотрите также
- mb_convert_encoding() — Преобразует строку из одной кодировки символов в другую
- UConverter::transcode() — Преобразует строку из одной кодировки символов в другую
orrd101 at gmail dot com ¶
10 years ago
The «//ignore» option doesn’t work with recent versions of the iconv library. So if you’re having trouble with that option, you aren’t alone.
That means you can’t currently use this function to filter invalid characters. Instead it silently fails and returns an empty string (or you’ll get a notice but only if you have E_NOTICE enabled).
This has been a known bug with a known solution for at least since 2009 years but no one seems to be willing to fix it (PHP must pass the -c option to iconv). It’s still broken as of the latest release 5.4.3.
Here’s a workaround.
$text= mb_convert_encoding($text, ‘UTF-8’, ‘UTF-8’);
That will strip invalid characters from UTF-8 strings (so that you can insert it into a database, etc.). Instead of «none» you can also use the value 32 if you want it to insert spaces in place of the invalid characters.
Ritchie ¶
15 years ago
Please note that iconv(‘UTF-8’, ‘ASCII//TRANSLIT’, . ) doesn’t work properly when locale category LC_CTYPE is set to C or POSIX. You must choose another locale otherwise all non-ASCII characters will be replaced with question marks. This is at least true with glibc 2.5.
Example:
setlocale ( LC_CTYPE , ‘POSIX’ );
echo iconv ( ‘UTF-8’ , ‘ASCII//TRANSLIT’ , «Žluťoučký kůňn» );
// ?lu?ou?k? k?? setlocale ( LC_CTYPE , ‘cs_CZ’ );
echo iconv ( ‘UTF-8’ , ‘ASCII//TRANSLIT’ , «Žluťoučký kůňn» );
// Zlutoucky kun
?>
daniel dot rhodes at warpasylum dot co dot uk ¶
11 years ago
Interestingly, setting different target locales results in different, yet appropriate, transliterations. For example:
//some German
$utf8_sentence = ‘Weiß, Goldmann, Göbel, Weiss, Göthe, Goethe und Götz’ ; //UK
setlocale ( LC_ALL , ‘en_GB’ ); //transliterate
$trans_sentence = iconv ( ‘UTF-8’ , ‘ASCII//TRANSLIT’ , $utf8_sentence ); //gives [Weiss, Goldmann, Gobel, Weiss, Gothe, Goethe und Gotz]
//which is our original string flattened into 7-bit ASCII as
//an English speaker would do it (ie. simply remove the umlauts)
echo $trans_sentence . PHP_EOL ; //Germany
setlocale ( LC_ALL , ‘de_DE’ ); $trans_sentence = iconv ( ‘UTF-8’ , ‘ASCII//TRANSLIT’ , $utf8_sentence ); //gives [Weiss, Goldmann, Goebel, Weiss, Goethe, Goethe und Goetz]
//which is exactly how a German would transliterate those
//umlauted characters if forced to use 7-bit ASCII!
//(because really ä = ae, ö = oe and ü = ue)
echo $trans_sentence . PHP_EOL ; ?>
annuaireehtp at gmail dot com ¶
13 years ago
to test different combinations of convertions between charsets (when we don’t know the source charset and what is the convenient destination charset) this is an example :
$tab = array( «UTF-8» , «ASCII» , «Windows-1252» , «ISO-8859-15» , «ISO-8859-1» , «ISO-8859-6» , «CP1256» );
foreach ( $tab as $i )
foreach ( $tab as $j )
$chain .= » $i$j » . iconv ( $i , $j , » $my_string » );
then after displaying, you use the $i$j that shows good displaying.
NB: you can add other charsets to $tab to test other cases.
manuel at kiessling dot net ¶
13 years ago
Like many other people, I have encountered massive problems when using iconv() to convert between encodings (from UTF-8 to ISO-8859-15 in my case), especially on large strings.
The main problem here is that when your string contains illegal UTF-8 characters, there is no really straight forward way to handle those. iconv() simply (and silently!) terminates the string when encountering the problematic characters (also if using //IGNORE), returning a clipped string. The
= html_entity_decode ( htmlentities ( $oldstring , ENT_QUOTES , ‘UTF-8’ ), ENT_QUOTES , ‘ISO-8859-15’ ); ?>
workaround suggested here and elsewhere will also break when encountering illegal characters, at least dropping a useful note («htmlentities(): Invalid multibyte sequence in argument in. «)
I have found a lot of hints, suggestions and alternative methods (it’s scary and in my opinion no good sign how many ways PHP natively provides to convert the encoding of strings), but none of them really worked, except for this one:
= mb_convert_encoding ( $oldstring , ‘ISO-8859-15’ , ‘UTF-8’ ); ?>
Leigh Morresi ¶
14 years ago
If you are getting question-marks in your iconv output when transliterating, be sure to ‘setlocale’ to something your system supports.
Some PHP CMS’s will default setlocale to ‘C’, this can be a problem.
use the «locale» command to find out a list..
setlocale ( LC_CTYPE , ‘en_AU.utf8’ );
$str = iconv ( ‘UTF-8’ , ‘ASCII//TRANSLIT’ , «Côte d’Ivoire» );
?>
zhawari at hotmail dot com ¶
18 years ago
Here is how to convert UCS-2 numbers to UTF-8 numbers in hex:
function ucs2toutf8 ( $str )
$substring1 = $str [ $i ]. $str [ $i + 1 ];
$substring2 = $str [ $i + 2 ]. $str [ $i + 3 ];
$substring = $substring1 . $substring2 ;
$byte1 = dechex ( 192 +( hexdec ( $substring )/ 64 ));
$byte2 = dechex ( 128 +( hexdec ( $substring )% 64 ));
$utf8 .= $byte1 . $byte2 ;
strtoupper ( ucs2toutf8 ( «06450631062D0020» ));
?>
Nopius ¶
7 years ago
As orrd101 said, there is a bug with //IGNORE in recent PHP versions (we use 5.6.5) where we couldn’t convert some strings (i.e. «∙» from UTF8 to CP1251 with //IGNORE).
But we have found a workaround and now we use both //TRANSLIT and //IGNORE flags:
$text=»∙»;
iconv(«UTF8», «CP1251//TRANSLIT//IGNORE», $text);
Daniel Klein ¶
6 years ago
I just found out today that the Windows and *NIX versions of PHP use different iconv libraries and are not very consistent with each other.
Here is a repost of my earlier code that now works on more systems. It converts as much as possible and replaces the rest with question marks:
if (! function_exists ( ‘utf8_to_ascii’ )) setlocale ( LC_CTYPE , ‘en_AU.utf8’ );
if (@ iconv ( «UTF-8» , «ASCII//IGNORE//TRANSLIT» , ‘é’ ) === false ) // PHP is probably using the glibc library (*NIX)
function utf8_to_ascii ( $text ) return iconv ( «UTF-8» , «ASCII//TRANSLIT» , $text );
>
>
else // PHP is probably using the libiconv library (Windows)
function utf8_to_ascii ( $text ) if ( is_string ( $text )) // Includes combinations of characters that present as a single glyph
$text = preg_replace_callback ( ‘/X/u’ , __FUNCTION__ , $text );
>
elseif ( is_array ( $text ) && count ( $text ) == 1 && is_string ( $text [ 0 ])) // IGNORE characters that can’t be TRANSLITerated to ASCII
$text = iconv ( «UTF-8» , «ASCII//IGNORE//TRANSLIT» , $text [ 0 ]);
// The documentation says that iconv() returns false on failure but it returns »
if ( $text === » || ! is_string ( $text )) $text = ‘?’ ;
>
elseif ( preg_match ( ‘/w/’ , $text )) < // If the text contains any letters.
$text = preg_replace ( ‘/W+/’ , » , $text ); // . then remove all non-letters
>
>
else < // $text was not a string
$text = » ;
>
return $text ;
>
>
>
jessiedeer at hotmail dot com ¶
9 years ago
iconv with //IGNORE works as expected: it will skip the character if this one does not exist in the $out_charset encoding.
If a character is missing from the $in_charset encoding (eg byte x81 from CP1252 encoding), then iconv will return an error, whether with //IGNORE or not.
atelier at degoy dot com ¶
8 years ago
There may be situations when a new version of a web site, all in UTF-8, has to display some old data remaining in the database with ISO-8859-1 accents. The problem is iconv(«ISO-8859-1», «UTF-8», $string) should not be applied if $string is already UTF-8 encoded.
I use this function that does’nt need any extension :
function convert_utf8( $string ) <
if ( strlen(utf8_decode($string)) == strlen($string) ) <
// $string is not UTF-8
return iconv(«ISO-8859-1», «UTF-8», $string);
> else // already UTF-8
return $string;
>
>
I have not tested it extensively, hope it may help.
Daniel Klein ¶
3 years ago
If you want to convert to a Unicode encoding without the byte order mark (BOM), add the endianness to the encoding, e.g. instead of «UTF-16» which will add a BOM to the start of the string, use «UTF-16BE» which will convert the string without adding a BOM.
iconv ( ‘CP1252’ , ‘UTF-16’ , $text ); // with BOM
iconv ( ‘CP1252’ , ‘UTF-16BE’ , $text ); // without BOM
nikolai-dot-zujev-at-gmail-dot-com ¶
18 years ago
Here is an example how to convert windows-1251 (windows) or cp1251(Linux/Unix) encoded string to UTF-8 encoding.
function cp1251_utf8 ( $sInput )
$sOutput = «» ;
vitek at 4rome dot ru ¶
18 years ago
On some systems there may be no such function as iconv(); this is due to the following reason: a constant is defined named `iconv` with the value `libiconv`. So, the string PHP_FUNCTION(iconv) transforms to PHP_FUNCTION(libiconv), and you have to call libiconv() function instead of iconv().
I had seen this on FreeBSD, but I am sure that was a rather special build.
If you’d want not to be dependent on this behaviour, add the following to your script:
if (! function_exists ( ‘iconv’ ) && function_exists ( ‘libiconv’ )) function iconv ( $input_encoding , $output_encoding , $string ) return libiconv ( $input_encoding , $output_encoding , $string );
>
>
?>
Thanks to tony2001 at phpclub.net for explaining this behaviour.
gree. (gree 4T grees D0T net) ¶
15 years ago
In my case, I had to change:
setlocale ( LC_CTYPE , ‘cs_CZ’ );
?>
to
setlocale ( LC_CTYPE , ‘cs_CZ.UTF-8’ );
?>
Otherwise it returns question marks.
When I asked my linux for locale (by locale command) it returns «cs_CZ.UTF-8», so there is maybe correlation between it.
iconv (GNU libc) 2.6.1
glibc 2.3.6
nilcolor at gmail dot coom ¶
17 years ago
Didn’t know its a feature or not but its works for me (PHP 5.0.4)
test it to convert from windows-1251 (stored in DB) to UTF-8 (which i use for web pages).
BTW i convert each array i fetch from DB with array_walk_recursive.
jorortega at gmail dot com ¶
9 years ago
Be aware that iconv in PHP uses system implementations of locales and languages, what works under linux, normally doesn’t in windows.
Also, you may notice that recent versions of linux (debian, ubuntu, centos, etc) the //TRANSLIT option doesn’t work. since most distros doesn’t include the intl packages (example: php5-intl and icuxx (where xx is a number) in debian) by default. And this because the intl package conflicts with another package needed for international DNS resolution.
Problem is that configuration is dependent of the sysadmin of the machine where you’re hosted, so iconv is pretty much useless by default, depending on what configuration is used by your distro or the machine’s admin.
ameten ¶
12 years ago
I have used iconv to convert from cp1251 into UTF-8. I spent a day to investigate why a string with Russian capital ‘Р’ (sounds similar to ‘r’) at the end cannot be inserted into a database.
The problem is not in iconv. But ‘Р’ in cp1251 is chr(208) and ‘Р’ in UTF-8 is chr(208).chr(106). chr(106) is one of the space symbol which match ‘s’ in regex. So, it can be taken by a greedy ‘+’ or ‘*’ operator. In that case, you loose ‘Р’ in your string.
For example, ‘ГР ‘ (Russian, UTF-8). Function preg_match. Regex is ‘(.+?)[s]*’. Then ‘(.+?)’ matches ‘Г’.chr(208) and ‘[s]*’ matches chr(106).’ ‘.
Although, it is not a bug of iconv, but it looks like it very much. That’s why I put this comment here.
zhawari at hotmail dot com ¶
18 years ago
Here is how to convert UTF-8 numbers to UCS-2 numbers in hex:
hexdec ( $substring1 ) < 127 )
$results = «00» . $str [ $i ]. $str [ $i + 1 ];
else
$results = dechex (( hexdec ( $substring1 )- 192 )* 64 + ( hexdec ( $substring2 )- 128 ));
if ( $results < 1000 ) $results = "0" . $results ;
$i += 2 ;
>
$ucs2 .= $results ;
>
return $ucs2 ;
>
strtoupper ( utf8toucs2 ( «D985D8B1D8AD» )). «n» ;
echo strtoupper ( utf8toucs2 ( «456725» )). «n» ; ?>
Input:
D985D8B1D8AD
Output:
06450631062D
ng4rrjanbiah at rediffmail dot com ¶
18 years ago
Here is a code to convert ISO 8859-1 to UTF-8 and vice versa without using iconv.
//Logic from http://twiki.org/cgi-bin/view/Codev/InternationalisationUTF8
$str_iso8859_1 = ‘foo in ISO 8859-1’ ;
//ISO 8859-1 to UTF-8
$str_utf8 = preg_replace ( «/([x80-xFF])/e» ,
«chr(0xC0|ord(‘\1’)>>6).chr(0x80|ord(‘\1’)&0x3F)» ,
$str_iso8859_1 );
//UTF-8 to ISO 8859-1
$str_iso8859_1 = preg_replace ( «/([xC2xC3])([x80-xBF])/e» ,
«chr(ord(‘\1’) <<6&0xC0|ord('\2')&0x3F)" ,
$str_utf8 );
?>
HTH,
R. Rajesh Jeba Anbiah
anyean at gmail dot com ¶
17 years ago
//script from http://zizi.kxup.com/
//javascript unesape
function unescape ( $str ) $str = rawurldecode ( $str );
preg_match_all ( «/(?:%u.)|&#x.;|&#d+;|.+/U» , $str , $r );
$ar = $r [ 0 ];
print_r ( $ar );
foreach( $ar as $k => $v ) if( substr ( $v , 0 , 2 ) == «%u» )
$ar [ $k ] = iconv ( «UCS-2» , «UTF-8» , pack ( «H4» , substr ( $v ,- 4 )));
elseif( substr ( $v , 0 , 3 ) == «&#x» )
$ar [ $k ] = iconv ( «UCS-2» , «UTF-8» , pack ( «H4» , substr ( $v , 3 ,- 1 )));
elseif( substr ( $v , 0 , 2 ) == «&#» ) echo substr ( $v , 2 ,- 1 ). «
» ;
$ar [ $k ] = iconv ( «UCS-2» , «UTF-8» , pack ( «n» , substr ( $v , 2 ,- 1 )));
>
>
return join ( «» , $ar );
>
?>
13 years ago
You can use native iconv in Linux via passthru if all else failed.
Use the -c parameter to suppress error messages.
Daniel Klein ¶
9 years ago
You can use ‘CP1252’ instead of ‘Windows-1252’:
// These two lines are equivalent
$result = iconv ( ‘Windows-1252’ , ‘UTF-8’ , $string );
$result = iconv ( ‘CP1252’ , ‘UTF-8’ , $string );
?>
Note: The following code points are not valid in CP1252 and will cause errors.
129 (0x81)
141 (0x8D)
143 (0x8F)
144 (0x90)
157 (0x9D)
Use the following instead:
// Remove invalid code points, convert everything else
$result = iconv ( ‘CP1252’ , ‘UTF-8//IGNORE’ , $string );
?>
berserk220 at mail dot ru ¶
14 years ago
anton dot vakulchik at gmail dot com ¶
15 years ago
function detectUTF8($string)
return preg_match(‘%(?:
[xC2-xDF][x80-xBF] # non-overlong 2-byte
|xE0[xA0-xBF][x80-xBF] # excluding overlongs
|[xE1-xECxEExEF][x80-xBF] # straight 3-byte
|xED[x80-x9F][x80-xBF] # excluding surrogates
|xF0[x90-xBF][x80-xBF] # planes 1-3
|[xF1-xF3][x80-xBF] # planes 4-15
|xF4[x80-x8F][x80-xBF] # plane 16
)+%xs’, $string);
>
function cp1251_utf8( $sInput )
$sOutput = «»;
function encoding($string) if (function_exists(‘iconv’)) <
if (@!iconv(‘utf-8’, ‘cp1251’, $string)) $string = iconv(‘cp1251’, ‘utf-8’, $string);
>
return $string;
> else if (detectUTF8($string)) return $string;
> else return cp1251_utf8($string);
>
>
>
echo encoding($string);
phpmanualspam at netebb dot com ¶
13 years ago
mirek code, dated 16-May-2008 10:17, added the characters `^~'» to the output.
This function will strip out these extra characters:
setlocale ( LC_ALL , ‘en_US.UTF8’ );
function clearUTF ( $s )
$r = » ;
$s1 = @ iconv ( ‘UTF-8’ , ‘ASCII//TRANSLIT’ , $s );
$j = 0 ;
for ( $i = 0 ; $i < strlen ( $s1 ); $i ++) $ch1 = $s1 [ $i ];
$ch2 = @ mb_substr ( $s , $j ++, 1 , ‘UTF-8’ );
if ( strstr ( ‘`^~'»‘ , $ch1 ) !== false ) if ( $ch1 <> $ch2 ) — $j ;
continue;
>
>
$r .= ( $ch1 == ‘?’ ) ? $ch2 : $ch1 ;
>
return $r ;
>
?>
mightye at gmail dot com ¶
15 years ago
To strip bogus characters from your input (such as data from an unsanitized or other source which you can’t trust to necessarily give you strings encoded according to their advertised encoding set), use the same character set as both the input and the output, with //IGNORE on the output charcter set.
// assuming ‘†’ is actually UTF8, htmlentities will assume it’s iso-8859
// since we did not specify in the 3rd argument of htmlentities.
// This generates «â[bad utf-8 character]»
// If passed to any libxml, it will generate a fatal error.
$badUTF8 = htmlentities ( ‘†’ ); // iconv() can ignore characters which cannot be encoded in the target character set
$goodUTF8 = iconv ( «utf-8» , «utf-8//IGNORE» , $badUTF8 );
?>
The result of the example does not give you back the dagger character which was the original input (it got lost when htmlentities was misused to encode it incorrectly, though this is common from people not accustomed to dealing with extended character sets), but it does at least give you data which is sane in your target character set.
phpnet at dariosulser dot ch ¶
3 years ago
ANSI = Windows-1252 = CP1252
So UTF-8 -> ANSI:
$string = «Winkel γ=200 für 1€» ; //»γ»=HTML:γ
$result = iconv ( ‘UTF-8’ , ‘CP1252//IGNORE’ , $string );
echo $result ;
?>
Note1
$string = «Winkel γ=200 für 1€» ;
$result = iconv ( ‘UTF-8’ , ‘CP1252’ , $string );
echo $result ; //»conv(): Detected an illegal character in input string»
?>
Note2 (ANSI is better than decode in ISO 8859-1 (ISO-8859-1==Latin-1)
$string = «Winkel γ=200 für 1€» ;
$result = utf8_decode ( $string );
echo $result ; //»Winkel ?=200 für 1?»
?>
Note3 of used languages on Websites:
93.0% = UTF-8;
3.5% = Latin-1;
0.6% = ANSI
rasmus at mindplay dot dk ¶
8 years ago
Note an important difference between iconv() and mb_convert_encoding() — if you’re working with strings, as opposed to files, you most likely want mb_convert_encoding() and not iconv(), because iconv() will add a byte-order marker to the beginning of (for example) a UTF-32 string when converting from e.g. ISO-8859-1, which can throw off all your subsequent calculations and operations on the resulting string.
In other words, iconv() appears to be intended for use when converting the contents of files — whereas mb_convert_encoding() is intended for use when juggling strings internally, e.g. strings that aren’t being read/written to/from files, but exchanged with some other media.
martin at front of mind dot co dot uk ¶
13 years ago
For transcoding values in an Excel generated CSV the following seems to work:
$value = iconv ( ‘Windows-1252’ , ‘UTF-8//TRANSLIT’ , $value );
?>
Locoluis ¶
16 years ago
The following are Microsoft encodings that are based on ISO-8859 but with the addition of those stupid control characters.
CP1250 is Eastern European (not ISO-8859-2)
CP1251 is Cyrillic (not ISO-8859-5)
CP1252 is Western European (not ISO-8859-1)
CP1253 is Greek (not ISO-8859-7)
CP1254 is Turkish (not ISO-8859-9)
CP1255 is Hebrew (not ISO-8859-8)
CP1256 is Arabic (not ISO-8859-6)
CP1257 is Baltic (not ISO-8859-4)
If you know you’re getting input from a Windows machine with those encodings, use one of these as a parameter to iconv.
chicopeste at gmail dot com ¶
9 years ago
iconv also support CP850.
I used iconv(«CP850», «UTF-8//TRANSLIT», $var);
to convert from SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_CI_AI to UTF-8.
jessie at hotmail dot com ¶
9 years ago
Provided that there is no invalid code point in the character chain for the input encoding, the //IGNORE option works as expected. No bug here.
vb (at) bertola.eu ¶
12 years ago
On my system, according to tests, and also as reported by other people elsewhere, you can combine TRANSLIT and IGNORE only by appending
strictly in that order, but NOT by appending //TRANSLIT//IGNORE, which would lead to //IGNORE being ignored ( 🙂 ).
Anyway, it’s hard to understand how one could devise a system of passing options that does not allow to couple both options in a neat manner, and also to understand why the default behaviour should be the less useful and most dangerous one (throwing away most of your data at the first unexpected character). Software design FAIL :-/
admin at iecw dot net ¶
9 years ago
aissam at yahoo dot com ¶
18 years ago
For those who have troubles in displaying UCS-2 data on browser, here’s a simple function that convert ucs2 to html unicode entities :
Anonymous ¶
13 years ago
For text with special characters such as (é) é which appears at 0xE9 in the ISO-8859-1 and at 0x82 in IBM-850. The correct output character set is ‘IBM850’ as:
(‘ISO-8859-1’, ‘IBM850’, ‘Québec’)
Andries Seutens ¶
13 years ago
When doing transliteration, you have to make sure that your LC_COLLATE is properly set, otherwise the default POSIX will be used.
To transform «rené» into «rene» we could use the following code snippet:
( LC_CTYPE , ‘nl_BE.utf8’ ); $string = ‘rené’ ;
$string = iconv ( ‘UTF-8’ , ‘ASCII//TRANSLIT’ , $string );
$string ; // outputs rene ?>
mirek at burkon dot org ¶
14 years ago
If you need to strip as many national characters from UTF-8 as possible and keep the rest of input unchanged (i.e. convert whatever can be converted to ASCII and leave the rest), you can do it like this:
setlocale ( LC_ALL , ‘en_US.UTF8’ );
clearUTF ( $s )
$r = » ;
$s1 = iconv ( ‘UTF-8’ , ‘ASCII//TRANSLIT’ , $s );
for ( $i = 0 ; $i < strlen ( $s1 ); $i ++)
$ch1 = $s1 [ $i ];
$ch2 = mb_substr ( $s , $i , 1 ); $r .= $ch1 == ‘?’ ? $ch2 : $ch1 ;
>
return $r ;
>
clearUTF ( ‘Šíleně žluťoučký Vašek úpěl olol! This will remain untranslated: ᾡᾧῘઍિ૮’ );
//outputs Silene zlutoucky Vasek upel olol! This will remain untranslated: ᾡᾧῘઍિ૮
?>
Just remember you HAVE TO set locale to some unicode encoding to make iconv handle //TRANSLIT correctly!
Проблема кодировок часто возникает при написании парсеров, чтении данных из xml и CSV файлов. Ниже представлены способы эту проблему решить.
windows-1251 в UTF-8
$text = iconv('windows-1251//IGNORE', 'UTF-8//IGNORE', $text); echo $text;$text = mb_convert_encoding($text, 'UTF-8', 'windows-1251'); echo $text;UTF-8 в windows-1251
$text = iconv('utf-8//IGNORE', 'windows-1251//IGNORE', $text); echo $text;$text = mb_convert_encoding($text, 'windows-1251', 'utf-8'); echo $text;Когда ни что не помогает
$text = iconv('utf-8//IGNORE', 'cp1252//IGNORE', $text); $text = iconv('cp1251//IGNORE', 'utf-8//IGNORE', $text); echo $text;Иногда доходит до бреда, но работает:
$text = iconv('utf-8//IGNORE', 'windows-1251//IGNORE', $text); $text = iconv('windows-1251//IGNORE', 'utf-8//IGNORE', $text); echo $text;Бывают случаи когда file_get_contents() или CURL возвращают иероглифы (ÐлмазнÑе боÑÑ) – причина тут не в кодировке, а в отсутствии BOM-метки.
$text = file_get_contents('https://example.com'); $text = "xEFxBBxBF" . $text; echo $text;Ещё бывают случаи, когда file_get_contents() возвращает текст в виде:
Это сжатый текст в GZIP, т.к. функция не отправляет правильные заголовки. Решение проблемы через CURL:
function getcontents($url) < $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_ENCODING, 'gzip'); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0); $output = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); return $output; >echo getcontents('https://example.com');12.01.2017, обновлено 02.11.2021
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Для конвертации на php строки из utf-8 в windows-1251 и наоборот, можно использовать следующую функцию:
Описание функции iconv:
string iconv ( string from_kodirovka, string to_kodirovka, string str )
Производит преобразование кодировки символов строки str из начальной кодировки from_kodirovka в конечную to_kodirovka. Возвращает строку в новой кодировке, или FALSE в случае ошибки.
Если добавить //TRANSLIT к параметру out_charset будет включена транслитеризация. Это означает, что вслучае, когда символа нет в конечной кодировке, он заменяется одним или несколькими аналогами. Если добавить //IGNORE, то символы, которых нет в конечной кодировке, будут опущены. Иначе, будет возвращена строка str, обрезанная до первого недопустимого символа.
В случае, если ваш хостинг не поддерживает iconv, для конвертации из utf-8 в win-1251 и наоборот можно использовать следующие функции:
function utf8_to_cp1251($s) < $tbl = $GLOBALS['unicode_to_cp1251_tbl']; $uc = 0; $bits = 0; $r = ""; for($i = 0, $l = strlen($s); $i < $l; $i++) < $c = $s; $b = ord($c); if($b & 0x80) < if($b & 0x40) < if($b & 0x20) < $uc = ($b & 0x0F) else < $uc = ($b & 0x1F) > else < $bits -= 6; if($bits) < $uc |= ($b & 0x3F) else < $uc |= $b & 0x3F; if($cc = @$tbl[$uc]) < $r .= $cc; >else < $r .= '?'; >> > > else < $r .= $c; >> return $r; >
function cp1251_to_utf8($s) < $tbl = $GLOBALS['cp1251_to_utf8_tbl']; $r = ""; for($i = 0, $l = strlen($s); $i < $l; $i++) < $c = $s; $b = ord($c); if ($b < 128) < $r .= $c; >else < $r .= @$tbl[$b]; >> return $r; > $unicode_to_cp1251_tbl = array( 0x0402 => "x80", 0x0403 => "x81", 0x201A => "x82", 0x0453 => "x83", 0x201E => "x84", 0x2026 => "x85", 0x2020 => "x86", 0x2021 => "x87", 0x20AC => "x88", 0x2030 => "x89", 0x0409 => "x8A", 0x2039 => "x8B", 0x040A => "x8C", 0x040C => "x8D", 0x040B => "x8E", 0x040F => "x8F", 0x0452 => "x90", 0x2018 => "x91", 0x2019 => "x92", 0x201C => "x93", 0x201D => "x94", 0x2022 => "x95", 0x2013 => "x96", 0x2014 => "x97", 0x2122 => "x99", 0x0459 => "x9A", 0x203A => "x9B", 0x045A => "x9C", 0x045C => "x9D", 0x045B => "x9E", 0x045F => "x9F", 0x00A0 => "xA0", 0x040E => "xA1", 0x045E => "xA2", 0x0408 => "xA3", 0x00A4 => "xA4", 0x0490 => "xA5", 0x00A6 => "xA6", 0x00A7 => "xA7", 0x0401 => "xA8", 0x00A9 => "xA9", 0x0404 => "xAA", 0x00AB => "xAB", 0x00AC => "xAC", 0x00AD => "xAD", 0x00AE => "xAE", 0x0407 => "xAF", 0x00B0 => "xB0", 0x00B1 => "xB1", 0x0406 => "xB2", 0x0456 => "xB3", 0x0491 => "xB4", 0x00B5 => "xB5", 0x00B6 => "xB6", 0x00B7 => "xB7", 0x0451 => "xB8", 0x2116 => "xB9", 0x0454 => "xBA", 0x00BB => "xBB", 0x0458 => "xBC", 0x0405 => "xBD", 0x0455 => "xBE", 0x0457 => "xBF", 0x0410 => "xC0", 0x0411 => "xC1", 0x0412 => "xC2", 0x0413 => "xC3", 0x0414 => "xC4", 0x0415 => "xC5", 0x0416 => "xC6", 0x0417 => "xC7", 0x0418 => "xC8", 0x0419 => "xC9", 0x041A => "xCA", 0x041B => "xCB", 0x041C => "xCC", 0x041D => "xCD", 0x041E => "xCE", 0x041F => "xCF", 0x0420 => "xD0", 0x0421 => "xD1", 0x0422 => "xD2", 0x0423 => "xD3", 0x0424 => "xD4", 0x0425 => "xD5", 0x0426 => "xD6", 0x0427 => "xD7", 0x0428 => "xD8", 0x0429 => "xD9", 0x042A => "xDA", 0x042B => "xDB", 0x042C => "xDC", 0x042D => "xDD", 0x042E => "xDE", 0x042F => "xDF", 0x0430 => "xE0", 0x0431 => "xE1", 0x0432 => "xE2", 0x0433 => "xE3", 0x0434 => "xE4", 0x0435 => "xE5", 0x0436 => "xE6", 0x0437 => "xE7", 0x0438 => "xE8", 0x0439 => "xE9", 0x043A => "xEA", 0x043B => "xEB", 0x043C => "xEC", 0x043D => "xED", 0x043E => "xEE", 0x043F => "xEF", 0x0440 => "xF0", 0x0441 => "xF1", 0x0442 => "xF2", 0x0443 => "xF3", 0x0444 => "xF4", 0x0445 => "xF5", 0x0446 => "xF6", 0x0447 => "xF7", 0x0448 => "xF8", 0x0449 => "xF9", 0x044A => "xFA", 0x044B => "xFB", 0x044C => "xFC", 0x044D => "xFD", 0x044E => "xFE", 0x044F => "xFF", ); $cp1251_to_utf8_tbl = array( 0x80 => "xD0x82", 0x81 => "xD0x83", 0x82 => "xE2x80x9A", 0x83 => "xD1x93", 0x84 => "xE2x80x9E", 0x85 => "xE2x80xA6", 0x86 => "xE2x80xA0", 0x87 => "xE2x80xA1", 0x88 => "xE2x82xAC", 0x89 => "xE2x80xB0", 0x8A => "xD0x89", 0x8B => "xE2x80xB9", 0x8C => "xD0x8A", 0x8D => "xD0x8C", 0x8E => "xD0x8B", 0x8F => "xD0x8F", 0x90 => "xD1x92", 0x91 => "xE2x80x98", 0x92 => "xE2x80x99", 0x93 => "xE2x80x9C", 0x94 => "xE2x80x9D", 0x95 => "xE2x80xA2", 0x96 => "xE2x80x93", 0x97 => "xE2x80x94", 0x99 => "xE2x84xA2", 0x9A => "xD1x99", 0x9B => "xE2x80xBA", 0x9C => "xD1x9A", 0x9D => "xD1x9C", 0x9E => "xD1x9B", 0x9F => "xD1x9F", 0xA0 => "xC2xA0", 0xA1 => "xD0x8E", 0xA2 => "xD1x9E", 0xA3 => "xD0x88", 0xA4 => "xC2xA4", 0xA5 => "xD2x90", 0xA6 => "xC2xA6", 0xA7 => "xC2xA7", 0xA8 => "xD0x81", 0xA9 => "xC2xA9", 0xAA => "xD0x84", 0xAB => "xC2xAB", 0xAC => "xC2xAC", 0xAD => "xC2xAD", 0xAE => "xC2xAE", 0xAF => "xD0x87", 0xB0 => "xC2xB0", 0xB1 => "xC2xB1", 0xB2 => "xD0x86", 0xB3 => "xD1x96", 0xB4 => "xD2x91", 0xB5 => "xC2xB5", 0xB6 => "xC2xB6", 0xB7 => "xC2xB7", 0xB8 => "xD1x91", 0xB9 => "xE2x84x96", 0xBA => "xD1x94", 0xBB => "xC2xBB", 0xBC => "xD1x98", 0xBD => "xD0x85", 0xBE => "xD1x95", 0xBF => "xD1x97", 0xC0 => "xD0x90", 0xC1 => "xD0x91", 0xC2 => "xD0x92", 0xC3 => "xD0x93", 0xC4 => "xD0x94", 0xC5 => "xD0x95", 0xC6 => "xD0x96", 0xC7 => "xD0x97", 0xC8 => "xD0x98", 0xC9 => "xD0x99", 0xCA => "xD0x9A", 0xCB => "xD0x9B", 0xCC => "xD0x9C", 0xCD => "xD0x9D", 0xCE => "xD0x9E", 0xCF => "xD0x9F", 0xD0 => "xD0xA0", 0xD1 => "xD0xA1", 0xD2 => "xD0xA2", 0xD3 => "xD0xA3", 0xD4 => "xD0xA4", 0xD5 => "xD0xA5", 0xD6 => "xD0xA6", 0xD7 => "xD0xA7", 0xD8 => "xD0xA8", 0xD9 => "xD0xA9", 0xDA => "xD0xAA", 0xDB => "xD0xAB", 0xDC => "xD0xAC", 0xDD => "xD0xAD", 0xDE => "xD0xAE", 0xDF => "xD0xAF", 0xE0 => "xD0xB0", 0xE1 => "xD0xB1", 0xE2 => "xD0xB2", 0xE3 => "xD0xB3", 0xE4 => "xD0xB4", 0xE5 => "xD0xB5", 0xE6 => "xD0xB6", 0xE7 => "xD0xB7", 0xE8 => "xD0xB8", 0xE9 => "xD0xB9", 0xEA => "xD0xBA", 0xEB => "xD0xBB", 0xEC => "xD0xBC", 0xED => "xD0xBD", 0xEE => "xD0xBE", 0xEF => "xD0xBF", 0xF0 => "xD1x80", 0xF1 => "xD1x81", 0xF2 => "xD1x82", 0xF3 => "xD1x83", 0xF4 => "xD1x84", 0xF5 => "xD1x85", 0xF6 => "xD1x86", 0xF7 => "xD1x87", 0xF8 => "xD1x88", 0xF9 => "xD1x89", 0xFA => "xD1x8A", 0xFB => "xD1x8B", 0xFC => "xD1x8C", 0xFD => "xD1x8D", 0xFE => "xD1x8E", 0xFF => "xD1x8F", );
Обычно php страница или сайт имеет одну базовую кодировку. Я работаю только с UTF-8, но бывают случаи, когда приходится использовать какой-нибудь php файл с кодировкой win-1251, а передаваемые в него значения идут в кодировке UTF-8. В этом случае после исполнения скрипта появляются кракозябры.
Таких ситуаций может быть множество, например, при использовании функции отправки сообщений mail(), работе с PDF обработкой или даже при различных действиях с БД. В идеале нужно обязательно избавляться от таких хвостов и не допускать в коде функции конвертации, но если это просто невозможно, то на помощь вам придет функция iconv.
Синтаксис функции: $string= iconv(‘начальная кодировка’, ‘конечная кодировка’, $string);
Здесь $string — строка, кодировку которой мы изменяем
Из этого выходит, что для того, чтобы преобразовать строку из кодировки utf-8 в win-1251 нужно писать следующее: $string= iconv(‘utf-8’, ‘win-1251’, $string);
Из win-1251 в utf-8: $string= iconv(‘win-1251’, ‘utf-8’, $string);
На заметку, помните, что кодировку в php странице можно указывать за счет установки header-а документа. Например, если ваша страница в UTF-8 без BOM, то в самом начале документа ставьте: . Если же windows 1251, то сам документ должен быть в ANSI, а в первой строке можете поставить: . Иногда эти манипуляции помогают с письмами, которые приходят в кракозябрах из-за неверной кодировки.